Chemical Processes Affecting the Mobility of Heavy Metals and Metalloids in Soil Environments

摘要

The mobility, bioavailability, and toxicity of metal(-loid)s are influenced by their interactions with phyllosilicates, organic matter, variable charge minerals, and microorganisms. Physicochemical processes influencing the chemistry of metal(-loid)sin soil environments include sorption/desorption, solution complexation, oxidation-reduction, and precipitation-dissolution reactions. In particular, the sorption/desorption reactions of metal(loid)s on/from soil sorbents are influenced by pH, nature ofsoil components, and presence and concentrations of cations and inorganic anions. In recent years, many extraction tests have been used for assessing trace elements mobility and phytoavailability. Chemical speciation of toxic elements may be achieved byspectroscopic analyses (XAS), which provide information about oxidation state, symmetry, and identity of the coordinating ligand environment, and possible solid phases.