S(N)2 Reactions in Hydrocarbon Solvents Using Ammonium-Terminated Polyisobutylene Oligomers as Phase-Solubilizing Agents and Catalysts

摘要

Although S(N)2 reactions have been thoroughly studied in polar aprotic and protic solvents, not many studies have been done to study the rate of S(N)2 reaction in nonpolar solvents like alkanes due to the insolubility of anionic nucleophiles in these solvents. In this study, we investigated the use of N,N-diethyl-N-methylammonium-terminated polyisobutylene oligomers as phase-solubilizing agents for nucleophilic anions that could react with hydrocarbon-soluble substrates in alkanes. The results of these kinetic studies showed alkanes were comparable to MeCN as solvents in many reactions. Based on these studies, we developed a solid/liquid catalytic process using insoluble alkali metal carboxylate salts and a recyclable soluble polyisobutylene-bound catalyst that can be used to carry out S(N)2 reactions both in heptane and in hydrocarbon oligomeric solvents known as poly(alpha-olefins) (PAOs).