Persistence of malaria transmission in a tribal area in Maharashtra, India.

摘要

In recent years the incidence of malaria in most of the districts of Maharashtra, India has reduced but the problem in Gadchiroli district was still persisting in spite of implementation of the main tools of intervention, i.e. indoor residual spray (IRS) by deltamethrin and fever radical treatment (FRT) to all fever cases. A study was made to find out the reasons for persistence of malaria in Gadchiroli district during November 2002. The coverage of two rounds of IRS by synthetic pyrethroids was around 85%. Detailed parasitological survey revealed that slide positivity rate ranged from 3.22 to 42.8 and P. falciparum was sensitive to chloroquine in majority of the subjects (92.6%). Twenty-five percent of positive cases detected were having gametocyte stage of P. falciparum parasite, indicating that compliance to FRT was not satisfactory. Entomological findings revealed that the main vector, Anopheles culicifacies was resting indoor and was 100% sensitive to deltamethrin. Results of cone bioassay indicated that on the wall surface sprayed before nine days, mortality of A. culicifacies was around 67.8%, while the mortality was only 13% on the surface sprayed before one month, indicating unsatisfactory quality of spray. An insight into the reasons for persistence of malaria revealed that the intervention measures were being affected by the social factors. The findings emphasize the importance of health education to community and their involvement in malaria control for achieving best results..