A number of factors ranging from the scarcity of tumour-specific neoanti-gens, tumour immunosuppression and toxicity caused by systemic delivery of immunomodulators restrict the efficiency of cancer immunother-apies. To overcome these obstacles, Nissim, Wu et al. have engineered a synthetic gene circuit enabling the production of combinatorial immunomodulators specifically from within cancer cells to trigger an antitumour T cell response.
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