The Impact of Mesoscale Gravity Waves on Homogeneous Ice Nucleation in Cirrus Clouds

K?rcher B.; Jensen E. J.; Lohmann U.

摘要

Abstract > Effects of a spectrum of mesoscale gravity waves on homogeneous aerosol freezing in midlatitude cirrus are studied by means of parcel model simulations that are driven by random vertical wind speeds constrained by balloon measurements. Stochastic wave forcing with mean updraft speeds of 5–20?cm/s leads to substantial nucleated ice crystal number concentrations (ICNC) of 0.1–1?cm ?3 in situations with slow large‐scale cooling, which by itself would generate fewer ice crystals. The stochastic nature of wave‐driven air parcel temperatures enhances ICNC even further, but the times required to reach freezing conditions unsupported by large‐scale cooling may vary widely. In the presence of wave forcing, ice crystals with low ICNC (1–10?L ?1 ) are also generated by homogeneous freezing, albeit only rarely. Comparisons with aircraft measurements suggest significant influences of heterogeneous ice‐nucleating particles and ice crystal sedimentation on ICNC, but quantifying their individual contributions remains elusive. </abstract> </span> <span class="z_kbtn z_kbtnclass hoverxs" style="display: none;">展开▼</span> </div> <div class="translation abstracttxt"> <span class="zhankaihshouqi fivelineshidden" id="abstract"> <span>机译：</span><Abstract Type =“Main”XML：Lang =“en”XML：ID =“GRL58934-ABS-ABS-ABS-ABS-ABS-0001”> <标题类型=“MAIN”>抽象</ title> >频谱的MESCLE重力波的效果通过通过由气球测量的随机垂直风速驱动的包裹模拟研究了中间裂缝中的均匀气溶胶。随机波迫使平均上升速度为5-20Ωcm/ s，导致大量成核冰晶数浓度（ICNC）为0.1-1Ωcm 3 / sup>，在慢速大规模冷却的情况下，它本身会产生更少的冰晶。波浪驱动空气包裹温度的随机性质进一步增强了ICNC，但是通过大规模冷却不支持的冷冻条件所需的时间可能很大。在波形迫使的情况下，通过均匀冷冻也产生具有低ICNC（＆ 1-10〜10→1/4）的冰晶，尽管很少。与飞机测量的比较表明异质冰核颗粒和冰晶沉降对ICNC的显着影响，但量化其各个贡献仍然难以捉摸。 </ p> </ abstract> </span> <span class="z_kbtn z_kbtnclass hoverxs" style="display: none;">展开▼</span> </div> </div> <div class="record"> <h2 class="all_title" id="enpatent33" >著录项</h2> <ul> <li> <span class="lefttit">来源</span> <div style="width: 86%;vertical-align: text-top;display: inline-block;"> <a href='/journal-foreign-23539/'>《Geophysical Research Letters》</a> <b style="margin: 0 2px;">|</b><span>2019年第10期</span><b style="margin: 0 2px;">|</b><span>共10页</span> </div> </li> <li> <div class="author"> <span class="lefttit">作者</span> <p id="fAuthorthree" class="threelineshidden zhankaihshouqi"> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=K?rcher B.&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">K?rcher B.;</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Jensen E. J.&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Jensen E. J.;</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Lohmann U.&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Lohmann U.;</a> </p> <span class="z_kbtnclass z_kbtnclassall hoverxs" id="zkzz" style="display: none;">展开▼</span> </div> </li> <li> <div style="display: flex;"> <span class="lefttit">作者单位</span> <div style="position: relative;margin-left: 3px;max-width: 639px;"> <div class="threelineshidden zhankaihshouqi" id="fOrgthree"> <p>DLR OberpfaffenhofenInstitut für Physik der Atmosph?reWessling Germany;</p> <p>National Aeronautics and Space AdministrationAmes Research CenterMountain View CA USA;</p> <p>ETH ZürichInstitute of Atmospheric and Climate ScienceZurich Switzerland;</p> </div> <span class="z_kbtnclass z_kbtnclassall hoverxs" id="zhdw" style="display: none;">展开▼</span> </div> </div> </li> <li > <span class="lefttit">收录信息</span> <span style="width: 86%;vertical-align: text-top;display: inline-block;"></span> </li> <li> <span class="lefttit">原文格式</span> <span>PDF</span> </li> <li> <span class="lefttit">正文语种</span> <span>eng</span> </li> <li> <span class="lefttit">中图分类</span> <span><a href="https://www.zhangqiaokeyan.com/clc/163.html" title="地球物理学">地球物理学;</a></span> </li> <li class="antistop"> <span class="lefttit">关键词</span> <p style="width: 86%;vertical-align: text-top;"> <a style="color: #3E7FEB;" href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=cirrus&option=203" rel="nofollow">cirrus;</a> <a style="color: #3E7FEB;" href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=nucleation&option=203" rel="nofollow">nucleation;</a> <a style="color: #3E7FEB;" href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=waves&option=203" rel="nofollow">waves;</a> </p> <div class="translation"> 机译：cirrus;成核;波浪; 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