Endoscopic management of orbital tumors

摘要

Purpose of reviewOrbital tumors have been classically approached via external incision. The introduction of endoscopic surgery has revolutionized the management of sinus and skull base disorder. Similarly, endoscopic techniques have been increasingly utilized to access intraorbital tumors located in the medial and inferior orbit with excellent outcomes. The history of the procedure, surgical anatomy of the orbit, patient selection, surgical planning, and the surgical techniques are discussed in this article.