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摘要

Even minimal trauma to the bladder neck during initial water cystoscopy can lead to bleeding, which can be misinterpreted as prostatic bleeding causing active hematuria on air cystoscopy. This can lead to increased diagnosis of prostatic bleeding during air cystoscopy vs water cystoscopy, as observed in this study. While urethroscopy is already done using saline as irrigation," only a~ small amount of extra saline is needed for cystoscopy. So cost is not a concern for doing water cystoscopy compared to air cystoscopy.