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Potential of plastic barriers to control Andean potato weevil Premnotrypes suturicallus Kuschel

机译:塑料屏障可控制安第斯马铃薯象鼻虫Premnotrypes suturicallus Kuschel

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摘要

In potato production systems of the high Andes, Andean potato weevils of the genus Premnotrypes and Rhigopsidius are the most important potato pests. The adults are flightless insects that migrate to potato fields during the potato-growing season, where the larvae damage a high proportion of the tuber harvest. We tested the hypothesis that plastic barriers established at field borders at sowing time are effective management tools to stop Andean potato weevil migration into potato fields, with a consequent reduction in Andean potato weevil tuber damage. In addition, we studied the effect of barriers on carabids, which represent an important insect family in the Andes and are natural enemies of Andean potato weevils. The studies were carried out in 21 on-farm experiments in two villages in the Central Highlands of Peru. The effect of plastic barriers was compared to farmers' practice, consisting of 1-4 insecticide applications per potato-growing season, in participatory research in fallow-potato and potato-potato rotation systems in which the Andean potato weevil Premnotrypes suturicallus Kuschel is endemic. Plastic barriers proved to be highly effective in stopping weevil migration. In screen house experiments only a small proportion (13%) of weevils was able to escape from plastic heights of 25cm. A height of 50cm could not be overcome, which was the height used in the on-farm field experiments. The combination of plastic barriers with pitfall traps installed close to the plastic significantly increased the number of Andean potato weevil catches, and proved an effective technology for mass trapping of Andean potato weevil adults. Plastic barriers also affected and increased the number of carabids, mainly of the genus Blennidus, in the pitfall traps. The proportion of carabids was 4-5 times higher in the location in which a lower number of Andean potato weevils and damaged tubers were observed. The results suggest that carabids are important predators of Andean potato weevils. The plastic barriers effectively reduced Andean potato weevils-caused potato tuber damage at harvest. Compared to the farmers' practice of using insecticides, the barriers were equally effective in fallow-potato rotation systems. In potato-potato rotation systems the combination of plastic barrier with one application of insecticide was superior to farmers' practice using 3-4 insecticide applications. The costs for plastic barriers were calculated to be equivalent to two or three insecticide applications per hectare. Plastic barriers are proposed as a new effective component for Integrated Pest Management of Andean potato weevils.
机译:在高安第斯山脉的马铃薯生产系统中,Premnotrypes和Rhigopsidius属的安第斯马铃薯象鼻虫是最重要的马铃薯害虫。成虫是不会飞的昆虫,在马铃薯生长季节会迁移到马铃薯田,在那里幼虫会损害大部分块茎的收成。我们检验了以下假设:播种时在田间边界处建立的塑料屏障是阻止安第斯马铃薯象鼻虫迁移到马铃薯田地的有效管理工具,从而减少了安第斯马铃薯象鼻虫块茎的危害。此外,我们研究了屏障对甲壳类动物的影响,甲壳类动物是安第斯山脉中重要的昆虫家族,是安第斯马铃薯象鼻虫的天敌。该研究是在秘鲁中部高地的两个村庄的21个农场实验中进行的。在安第斯马铃薯象鼻虫Pretnotrypes suturicallus Kuschel特有的休耕马铃薯和马铃薯-马铃薯轮作系统的参与性研究中,将塑料屏障的效果与农民的做法进行了比较,该做法每个马铃薯种植季节施用1-4种杀虫剂。事实证明,塑料屏障在阻止象鼻虫迁移方面非常有效。在筛房实验中,只有一小部分(13%)的象鼻虫能够从25厘米的塑料高度中逃脱。 50cm的高度无法克服,这是农场田间实验中使用的高度。塑料屏障与在塑料附近安装的陷阱陷阱的结合显着增加了安第斯马铃薯象鼻虫捕获物的数量,并证明了有效捕集安第斯马铃薯象鼻虫成虫的有效技术。塑料栅栏也影响并增加了陷阱陷阱中主要为Blennidus属的甲壳类动物的数量。在安第斯马铃薯象鼻虫和块茎受损较少的地区,甲壳类动物的比例高出4-5倍。结果表明,甲扣是安第斯马铃薯象鼻虫的重要捕食者。塑料屏障有效地减少了安第斯马铃薯象鼻虫在收获时造成的马铃薯块茎损害。与农民使用杀虫剂的做法相比,这些障碍在休耕马铃薯轮作系统中同样有效。在马铃薯-马铃薯轮作系统中,塑料屏障和一种杀虫剂的结合优于农民使用3-4种杀虫剂的实践。据计算,塑料屏障的成本相当于每公顷施用两到三种杀虫剂。建议将塑料屏障作为安第斯马铃薯象鼻虫害虫综合防治的新有效成分。

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