Selection, Constraints, and Creativity Case Studies: Max Beckmann and Philip Guston

摘要

This article presents a problem-solving model of creativity based on constraint selection. In the model, constraints come in pairs that (a) preclude reliable solutions and (b) promote search for novel ones. The most important constraint specifies a novel goal. Other constraints-source (elements for recombination), task (how materials are used), and subject (motif, theme)-are then strategically selected to realize the goal constraint. We use Fauvism to briefly introduce the model before analyzing the constraints selected by Max Beckmann and Philip Guston in the two mature phases of each artist's career. The analyses are then used to support our contention that constraint selection is central to creativity.