Exploring Differences between Charge and Discharge of LiMn_2O_4/Li Half-cell with Dynamic Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy

摘要

The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) of a lithium-ion battery is usually measured at open-circuit state under a constant state-of-charge (SOC). In this way, the differences between charge and discharge cannot be distinguished, because they both occur in one cycle of the alternating current. To explore the differences, in this study, we propose a new implementation method measuring the dynamic EIS (DEIS) of a LiMn_2O_4/Li half-cell (0.8 mAh) in the galvanostatic mode while the cell is under charging or discharging at a series of direct currents (DC). The results show the charge transfer resistance, R_(ct), decreases with the increased DC. Also, R_(ct) during charging is usually smaller than that during discharging. The dependency of R_(ct) on the DC can be explained according to the Butler-Volmer equation. The difference in R_(ct) between charge and discharge, ΔR_(ct), is ascribed to a significant surface concentration variation caused by the DC.