Luminescent Sensing of Oxygen Using a Quenchable Probe and Upconverting Nanoparticles

摘要

Oxygen is ubiquitous in nature and essential for almost all living systems. It is of highest significance in areas such as physiology, biology, biotechnology, food science, and in marine, atmospheric, and space research, and in chemical process and production monitoring, to mention a few. Optical sensors for oxygen have been particularly successful in the past years, and often in combination with optical biosensors. Luminescent oxygen-sensitive probes such as platinurn(II) and palladium(II) porphyrins and metal-ligand complexes of ruthenium(II) and iridium(III) were found to be particularly useful for sensing oxygen because both luminescence intensities and lifetimes are dynamically (and fully reversibly) quenched by oxygen and thus allow the determination of oxygen partial pressure (pO2). Such probes usually are incorporated in gas-permeable polymer matrices in the form of foils and paints, fiber optic systems, micro-and nanoparticles (sometimes with magnetic cores), or inside zeolites.