Collection, Conservation, Evaluation and Utilization of Vitis amurensis Germplasm Resources in China

摘要

Vitis amurensis Rupr. (V. amurensis), which originates from China, is a valuable genetic resource for grapevine research because of its high resistance to cold and disease. It is often used as a disease-resistant stock as well as the most powerful cold-resistant rootstock to breed materials for novel cultivars. The berry has unique fruit fragrance and a distinctive taste and is the raw material for making high quality red and sweet wines. As early as 1950, people in China have collected and conservedV. amurensis germplasm. In 2002, the National Field Gene Bank for Amur Grapevine was build and now preserves more than 400 clones of V. amurensis germplasm. Currently, several different series of excellent cultivars and species hybrids have been selected and are now commercially cultivated in China, including 'Shuanghong', 'Shuangyou', 'Zuoyouhong', 'Beibinghong', and so on. This paper will address the research progress of germplasm collection and conservation, evaluation and utilization, breeding techniques and other achievements in the past half century. Further studies will be proposed in the end of this article.