Yield components and glucosinolate contents of broccoli cultivars in summer-autumn growing cycle.

摘要

In recent decades, interest for functional food has been increased. Plant derived food is an important source of various bioactive compounds. The biologically active components in Brassica vegetables are the breakdown products of glucosinolates which have anticarcinogenic properties. Broccoli is included as a highly nutritious vegetable due to its mineral and vitamin content, fibres and bioactive compounds which depend on genetic, abiotic and agronomic factors. As numerous broccoli hybrid cultivars are available in Croatia, research with aim to select promising hybrid broccoli cultivars with appropriate agronomic and chemical traits was carried out during summer-autumn growing period of 2007. The field trial involving 13 hybrid broccoli cultivars was laid out according to four-replication block design. During the harvest period basic morphometric values of top inflorescence were determined. Cultivar 'Montop' had the highest mass, diameter and yield of top inflorescence (506 g, 15.5 cm and 1.5 kg.m -2). 'Green Magic' and 'Lucky' belong to the same range with slightly lower values of the mentioned parameters (457 g, 15.4 cm, 1.5 kg.m -2 and 447 g, 14.1 cm, 1.5 kg.m -2, respectively). In all analyzed cultivars prevailing glucosinolate were glucoraphanin and glucobrassicin. There are significant differences in glucosinolate concentrations among cultivars. 'Fiesta' had the highest glucoraphanin level, 3.52 mol.g -1 dry weight (dw). This was followed by 'Agassi' and 'Marathon', which also achieved high glucoraphanin concentrations (2.85 and 2.80 mol.g -1 dw). 'General' obtained the highest glucobrassicin concentration (9.5 mol.g -1 dw), significantly higher than the other cultivars. 'Marathon' reached the highest total glucosinolate concentration (15.45 mol.g -1 dw). Neither cultivar can stand out with the highest values of agronomic parameters and bioactive components at the same time. The results point out 'Marathon' as the cultivar with a considerable content of glucoraphanin, glucobrassicin and total glucosinolates (2.58, 7.32 and 15.45 mol.g -1 dw, respectively), and with satiable marketable top inflorescence yield (1.06 kg.m -2). CT III International Symposium on Human Health Effects of Fruits and Vegetables - FAVHEALTH 2009, Avignon, France.