Application of P gene donors in breeding of blackcurrant resistant to gall mite.

摘要

Blackcurrants constitute the most important small fruit crop for horticultural production and present a popular choice for home gardens in Lithuania. Twenty-eight blackcurrant cultivars were released and a large number of perspective progeny was developed over fifty years of the blackcurrant breeding program at the Institute of Horticulture, LRCAF. Resistance to pests and diseases is one of the major goals for blackcurrant breeding, and resistance to gall-mite and fungal diseases were the most important traits for development of new breeding selections (clones) and cultivars. An investigation of inheritance of disease resistance in interspecific hybrids of genus Ribes revealed species useful as donors of gall mite resistance genes. Although crosses of R. nigrum ssp. sibiricum, R. ussuriense and R. janczewskii resulted in F₁ hybrids resistant to gall mite, no hybrids with agronomical value were identified. Further emphasis was put on the development of complex genotypes, including traits from the European and Siberian blackcurrant genomes and selection for field resistance through several generations. Crossing of R. nigrum ssp. europaeum, R. dikuscha and R. nigrum ssp. sibiricum progenies in two generations resulted in development of several resistant cultivars, with 'Dainiai' being the cultivar of high fruit quality and complete resistance to gall mite. Approximately 10% of hybrids of high breeding value were obtained from crosses including 'Dainiai'.