Visual loss from an optic neuropathy with disc edema has a broad differential diagnosis, including both congenital and acquired conditions: elevated intracranial pressure, ischemia, inflammation, demyelination, infection, neoplasia, paraneo-plasia, and toxicity. Each of these categories of optic neuropathy has distinctive historical and examination findings that allow the physician to narrow the range of diagnostic possibilities or arrive at a single diagnosis. These categories will be reviewed in detail in this chapter.
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