Heterocyclic Carbene-Metal-catalyzed Csp~2-Csp~2 and Csp-Csp~2 Couplings Using Nonmetallic Substrates

摘要

The use of carbene ligands for transition-metal complexes has been developed in the last decades, being of special interest those carbenes derived from a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic system. An interesting variety of carbene-metal complexes has been tested in the Mizoroki-Heck reaction. In comparison, few examples can be found for the Matsuda-Heck version of this coupling reaction. Additionally, the Sonogashira coupling has been also catalyzed with different carbene-metal catalysts.