Difunctionalisation of arenes and heteroarenes by directed metallation and sulfoxide-magnesium exchange

摘要

The aryl sulfoxide moiety allows an expedient two-step difunctionalisation of readily available diaryl sulfoxides. Highly functionalised 1,2,4-trisubstituted arenes and difunctionalised heteroarenes (furans, thiophenes, benzofurans and pyridines) were prepared in a two-step sequence, triggered by an aryl sulfoxide group. In the first step, the sulfoxide moiety acts as a metallation-directing group, allowing smooth ortho-magnesiation with TMPMgCl.LiCl (TMP=tetramethylpiperidine). After a quenching reaction with an electrophile, the resulting sulfoxide is converted into a second magnesium reagent with iPrMgCl.LiCl (sulfoxide-magnesium exchange), which can be trapped with various electrophiles. Highly chemoselective TMPMgCl.LiCl and iPrMgCl.LiCl are compatible with a broad range of functional groups (e.g., F, Cl, CF _3, CN, CO_2tBu, alkynyl, ethers, thioethers). Large-scale reactions (25-40 mmol) and the preparation of fully functionalised furans and thiophenes are also reported. Successful exchange: Highly functionalised 1,2,4-trisubstituted arenes and difunctionalised heteroarenes were prepared in a two-step sequence, triggered by an aryl sulfoxide group. The chemoselective reagents used, TMPMgCl.LiCl (TMP=tetramethylpiperidine) and iPrMgCl.LiCl, are compatible with a broad range of functional groups (see scheme; E=electrophile.)