On Available Forms of Chemical Compounds in Soils

摘要

Different methods are used to study available forms of chemical compounds in soils. The sequential extraction method is described in detail. Also, a comparative overview is given of the most frequently extracted fractions of chemical elements (water-soluble, exchangeable, specifically sorbed, carbonate, bonded to organics, Fe and Mn oxides/hydroxides, and aluminosilicates), as well as of relevant extractants. Advantages and disadvantages of various extractants are discussed, and ways to improve their selectivity are proposed. It is also shown that the content of available forms of chemical compounds in soil can be used for estimating the extent of industrial soil pollution.