THE LANDSCAPE OF HYPNOSIS IN FRANCE IN THETWENTIETH CENTURY

摘要

The author - a psychologist, psychotherapist and poetess - traces the history of hypnosisin France, the cradle of hypnosis. At the outset there were two conflicting schools, oneoriginating with Charcot, a neurologist, who ended viewing hypnosis as a pathologic phe-nomenon associated with hysteria; the other with therapeutic goals originating with Bern-heim and viewing hypnosis as a physiological state involving suggestion. From 1900psychoanalysis dominated until the mid-century when Chertok and later Michaux strug-gled to stimulate a revival. In 1980 they founded the Groupement d'Etudes pour les Appli-cations Medicates de l'Hypnose (GEAMH) for research and training purposes, whichcontinues to host conferences to the present day. In 1983 Godin and Malarewicz estab-lished in Paris the first Milton H. Erickson Institute, and there followed a proliferation ofinstitutes throughout France. From 1991 Roustang wrote prolifically offering an originalEastern and Western synthesis and therapeutic approach. In 1997 Bellet founded the Con-federation Francophone d'Hypnose et de Therapies Breves (CFHTB) drawing together, by2007, 21 affiliated organizations with 3000 practitioners in France, Belgium, Switzerlandand Quebec, and with affiliation with international societies.