Gilbert Ryle (1949), the British philosopher of antidualism, distinguished between knowing that and knowing how. Most knowledge is declarative and states that something is the case. Far more rare, and usually of greater practical utility, is the procedural knowledge explaining how to do something or how it comes about. Most theory and research takes it as a given that leaders create, shape, change, and maintain organizational structure. The important question is just how do they do it?
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