Assessing and monitoring intratumor heterogeneity in glioblastoma: how far has multimodal imaging come?

摘要

Glioblastoma demonstrates imaging features of intratumor heterogeneity that result from underlying heterogeneous biological properties. This stems from variations in cellular behavior that result from genetic mutations that either drive, or are driven by, heterogeneous microenvironment conditions. Among all imaging methods available, only T_1-weighted contrast-enhancing and T -weighted fluid-attenuated inversion recovery are used in