The main types of folding in beetle hindwing are reviewed and discussed. All folding patterns are arranged into four groundplans or referred to archostematan, schizophoroid, adephagan, and polyphagan structural-functional types. The latter is subdivided into scirtoid, "diversicom" ("clavicorn" + "serricom"), haplogastran (or staphyliniform), "dryopiform", melyrid, bostrichoid, and elateroid subtypes. The adephagan and polyphagan folding types are considered as independent derivatives of the archostematan one. The scirtoid and bostrichoid subtypes, being of different origin, are similar only in the appearance. The elateroid subtype combines folding patterns of Dascilloidea, Buprestidae, and Elastroidea and is the basic for Elateriformia excluding scirtoids. A scheme of morphogenetic relationships between the main folding patterns is proposed. Phylogenetic relations based on the specific wing structure between some beetle taxa are briefly discussed.
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