Transmission Electron Microscopic Analysis of Nanostructures in Polymeric/Soft Materials

摘要

Basic principles of imaging and diffraction in transmission electron microscopy (TEM) are briefly reviewed. This is followed by more detailed methods of specimen preparation and instrumental operation for this particular category of materials, using published examples for demonstration purposes. Strong emphasis is given to fragile and low-contrast characteristics of polymeric/soft materials; typical strategies to overcome/by-pass the inherent difficulties in dealing with this category of materials are delineated. On the basis of our previous experiences, proper instrumental specifications for TEM instruments aimed at the exclusive use of morphological/structural characterization of polymers and soft materials are suggested.