E. S. SUGONYAEV, T. N. DOROSHENKO, V. A. YAKOVUK, I. V. BALAKHNINA a. O. S. SHEVCHENKO. PRINCIPLES OF FORMATION OF THE ENVIRONMENT FRIENDLY PROGRAMME OF ARTHROPOD PESTS AND THEIR ENEMIES MANAGEMENT IN AN APPLE ORCHARD AGRO-ECOSYSTEM IN THE NORTH CAUCASUS

摘要

Ecological ineffectiveness of conventional IPM programmes for apple orchard protection in the North Caucasus is demonstrated to result from an arbitrary combination of compounds producing opposite ecological effect, i.e. use of hazardous for environment broad-spectrum chemical insecticide after environment-friendly selective one, this approach destroying an apple orchard agro-ecosystem. The investigation was aimed at elaboration of an effective and ecologically acceptable programme with alternation of environment-friendly compounds which act along the same vector toward conservation of natural enemies' populations and, as the consequence, stabilization of the apple orchard agro-ecosystem, i.e. creating the ecological type of orchard. In this kind of orchards, chemical broad-spectrum pesticides are prohibited whereas biological based selective compounds (including synthetic ones) and methods are welcomed.The trails of the elaborated pest and Its enemy management (PEM) programme formed from both bioregulators (Insegar, Match, Dimmilin) and bio-insecticides (Phytoverm (TM), Lepidocid (TM), etc.) in 2007 and 2009 have demonstrated their high effectiveness: the apple fruit damage by codling moth was 1.2 % and 0.3 % in the harvest accordingly.The trail of the sticky rings banded on apple tree trunks showed that significant,growth of predaceous bug population decreases sharply the green apple aphid population as a result of preventing ants to apple tree crown due to sticky rings.