Influence of tillage and mineral fertilizers on the development of root system and water supply of barley crops.

摘要

In field trials on grey forest and leached chernozem soils in Russia in 1991-93, barley was grown after mouldboard ploughing, blade cultivation or combined tillage (use of plough with a coulter but no mouldboard) in late August and was given no fertilizer or various NPK rates. On grey forest soil, mouldboard ploughing increased root density in the 20-50 and 50-100 cm soil layers, especially when NPK was applied. On leached chernozem the differences were smaller. Daily water use was greatest duringthe period from tillering to flowering and was higher on leached chernozem than on grey forest soil; on both soils it was greater with than without fertilizer and with mouldboard ploughing than with blade cultivation. The differences were attributed to greater uptake from deeper soil horizons. On the forest soil, grain yields were 2.34-3.47, 2.06-3.09 and 2.30-3.45 t/ha with the 3 tillage treatments, respectively. On the chernozem, corresponding yields were 2.86-3.66, 2.68-3.45 and 2.81-3.59 t The highest yields were obtained when the N:P:K ratio was 1:1:1.