With the increase of life expectancy worldwide, people expect a better quality of life, and vaccination is possibly one of the best tools for improving it. In addition to developing or improving vaccines for the elimination of infectious diseases such as malaria, tuberculosis and AIDS, the challenge of future vaccination strategies is both to improve efficacy of currently available vaccines for groups of people with frail immunity, such as the elderly or patients with chronic diseases, and to develop new vaccines for non-communicable diseases such as autoimmunity and cancer. More personalized or precise vaccination is one of the aims of future vaccines, taking into account age, gender, health and nutritional status, together with geographical/environmental conditions.
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