A microcalorimeter with a superconducting transition edge sensor (TES) is a thermal detector that measures the energy of an incident X-ray photon as a temperature rise with the excellent enrgy resolution. In this article, a basic concept of the TES microcalorimeter is briefly explained. As an example of applications, TES microcalorimeters have been developmed for spectroscopic measurement of L X-rays emitted by ~(241)Am-, ~(238)Pu-and ~(239)Pu sources at Kyushu University.
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