アジアの発展途上国における造林事業の比較研究 ― 地域住民の権利関係の観点より―

摘要

The progress of forestation in Asia in recent years is remarkable. In Asia, the rate of expansion of planted forests is the world's highest and sixty percent of planted forests are now located in the region. However, forestation projects have not performed well in all countries. Seven countries-China, Vietnam, India, Thailand, Laos, Indonesia, and the Philippines-were selected to assess the factors for success and failure of forestation projects to conduct case studies focusing on the issue of local people rights. We classified the forestation activities of these countries as five different models, namely the direct management approach, the corporate plantation approach, the mass mobilization approach, the contract approach and the people-led approach. Although the mass mobilization approach is effective in promoting forestation at least in the initial stage of planting, in a number of cases it does not secure long-term, sustainable forest management. The study concludes that for securing such forestation management, the mass mobilization approach should take into account the rights of local people. The corporate plantation approach has also achieved significant results ; however it has resulted in land conflicts in many parts of Asia. The study finds that in forest areas used by rural local people, the contract approach has been more successful in avoiding land conflict associated with corporate forestation projects. However, this type requires creating appropriate incentives for local people and considering poor local people rights.