Investigating the causes of wrap-up effects: Evidence from eyemovements and E-Z Reader

摘要

Wrap-up effects in reading have traditionally been thought to reflect increased processingassociated with intra- and inter-clause integration (Just, M. A. & Carpenter, P. A. (1980). Atheory of reading: From eye fixations to comprehension. Psychological Review, 87(4), 329-354; Rayner, K., Kambe, G., & Duffy, S. A. (2000). The effect of clause wrap-up on eye move-ments during reading. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 53A(4), 1061-1080;cf. Hirotani, M., Frazier, L, & Rayner, K. (2006). Punctuation and intonation effects on clauseand sentence wrap-up: Evidence from eye movements. Journal of Memory and Language, 54,425-443). We report an eye-tracking experiment with a strong manipulation of integrativecomplexity at a critical word that was either sentence-final, ended a comma-markedclause, or was not comma-marked. Although both complexity and punctuation had reliableeffects, they did not interact in any eye-movement measure. These results as well as sim-ulations using the E-Z Reader model of eye-movement control (Reichle, E. D., Warren, T., &McConnell, K. (2009). Using E-Z Reader to model the effects of higher-level language pro-cessing on eye movements during reading. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 16(1), 1-20) sug-gest that traditional accounts of clause wrap-up are incomplete.