The iron and steel industry uses a wide variety of types and qualities of refractories, as shown in Fig. 1, in response to the diverse operating conditions of the manufacturing facilities, and also due to the availability of shaped (bricks) and unshaped (monolithics-castables, gunning mixes, plastics, etc.) refractories. And of all of the industries that are mass consumers of refractories, the steel industry is by far the largest user. Since society is becoming more aware of recycling, the recycling of refractories is apt to become more important, especially because the raw materials for refractories are a limited resource worldwide.
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