Pharmacokinetics and milk penetration of orbifloxacin after intravenous and intramuscular injections to dromedary lactating camels (Camelus dromedaries).

摘要

In this study, orbifloxacin was intravenously (i.v.) and intramuscularly (i.m.) administered to 6 healthy female lactating dromedaries at 2.5 mg/kg body weight. Blood and milk samples were obtained at regular intervals to measure the concentrations of orbifloxacin using a modified agar diffusion bioassay method. It was shown that there were significant differences between i.v. and i.m. routes of administration for the distribution and elimination rate constants and half lives. Plasma orbifloxacin concentrations vs. time decreased in a bi-exponential manner after i.v. injection. Mean terminal elimination half life was at 5.7+or-1.16 h. Following i.m. injection, the time of maximum orbifloxacin concentration was 1.52+or-0.41 h and a mean half life of 5.72+or-1.17 h. The systemic bioavailability of orbifloxacin after i.m. injection was 97.47+or-11.32%. Orbifloxacin penetration from the blood to the milk was rapid and showed high concentrations (1.29+or-0.42 micro g/ml). These results indicate that milk from camels treated with orbifloxacin should not be consumed for 2 days after drug treatment.