Imaging instability in the athlete. The right modality for the right diagnosis

摘要

This article reviews the commonly used imaging modalities for evaluating the athlete with symptoms of shoulder instability, including radiography, computed tomography (CT), and CT arthrography, with an initial focus on magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and MR arthrography. Examples of common soft tissue and osseous lesions associated with instability are provided, concentrating on those lesions seen in unidirectional posttraumatic anterior and posterior instability.