Patient management and treatment technique.

摘要

In contrast to the direct effect of augmentation materials, the smoothing effect on folds and wrinkles after a botulinum toxin treatment (BTX) is a reactive, secondary effect after achieving reduction of muscle activity first. Besides the relaxing effect on mimic muscles and overlying skin, the treatment leads to psychological effects as well. The interruption of long-established, reflexlike muscle hyperactivity or even pathologic muscle activity (tics) changes not only the patient's personal perception of his environment and the impression he leaves on his environment but also his entire aspect.