Background: Steroid (glucocorticoid)-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) in young adults has been a challenging disorder due to frequent incidence of collapse of the femoral head and resulting dysfunction of the hip joint and impairing quality of life. In Japan, the working group on ONFH in the Specific Disease Investigation Committee under auspices of the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare was founded in 1975, clinical and related basic research on ONFH have been continued for more than 40 years.
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