If you want to learn new things, read old books: Cutdown techniques are well described in the old literature

摘要

Neurointerventional therapy has been established during the past 30 years as an alternative to open surgical approaches for the treatment of cervical and intracranial vascular disease and has even supplanted open approaches for select lesions (1, 10). This modality has gained popularity in the past decade. Despite ongoing developments in the devices used for neurointerventional procedures, there is still some difficulty in gaining endo-vascular access, especially in the elderly patient due to peripheral vascular disease or tortuosity of the arterial system. Thus, the alternative approach is to bypass these obstacles through direct access to the carotid or vertebral artery.