While hydrological measurements were first collected back in the 1890s (lake level for Lake Coleridge) and hydroelectric and irrigation investigations were undertaken through to the 1930s (Waugh and McKerchar, this volume), hydrology in New Zealand started to be identified as an entity with the introduction of the Soil Conservation and Rivers Control Council Act in 1941. However it was not until 1949 when the first Hydraulic Survey Parties were established that any specialist national activity got underway. By 1961 there was a growing group of people, working in Ministry of Works Hydraulic Survey Parties and in Catchment Boards/Commissions, who practised hydrology.
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