Recognition of exterior protein surfaces using artificial ligands based on calixarenes, crown ethers, and tetraphenylporphyrins

摘要

Artificial ligands for recognition of exterior protein surfaces can be used for protein detection, protein modification/modulation, and protein separation. This article reviews recent developments of artificial ligands for complexation with exterior protein surfaces, with a focus on studies using calixarene-, crown ether-, and tetra-phenylporphyrin-based ligands. Synthetic ligands that recognize amino acid residues can form n:1 supramole-cules with proteins. 18-Crown-6 and calix[6]arene derivatives have been used for complexation with the lysine residues of proteins. By comparison, larger ligands that have a central core and multivalent functionalities at the periphery can form 1:1 supfamolecules with proteins.