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Dynamics of the Mount Nyiragongo lava lake

机译:Nyiragongo熔岩湖的动力学

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The permanent and presently rising lava lake at Mount Nyiragongo constitutes a major potential geological hazard to the inhabitants of the Virunga volcanic region in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) and Rwanda. Based on two field campaigns in June 2010 and 2011, we estimate the lava lake level from the southeastern crater rim (~400m diameter) and lava lake area (~46,550m~2), which constrains, respectively, the lava lake volume (~9 × 10~6m~3) and volume flow rate needed to keep the magma in a molten state (0.6 to 3.5m~3 s~(-1)). A bidirectional magma flow model, which includes the characterization of the conduit diameter and funnel-shaped lava lake geometry, is developed to constrain the amount of magma intruded/emplaced within the magmatic chamber and rift-related structures that extend between Mount Nyiragongo’s volcanic center and the city of Goma, DRC, since Mount Nyiragongo’s last eruption (17 January 2002). Besides matching field data of the lava lake level covering the period 1977 to 2002, numerical solutions of the model indicate that by 2022, 20 years after the January 2002 eruption, between 300 and 1700 × 10~6m~3 (0.3 to 1.7 km~3) of magma could have intruded/emplaced underneath the edifice, and the lava lake volume could exceed 15 × 10~6m~3.
机译:尼拉贡戈山上目前不断上升的永久性熔岩湖对刚果民主共和国和卢旺达的维龙加火山地区的居民构成了重大的潜在地质灾害。根据2010年6月和2011年6月的两次野外活动,我们从东南火山口边缘(直径约400m)和熔岩湖面积(约46,550m〜2)估计熔岩湖水位,这分别限制了熔岩湖的体积(〜 9×10〜6m〜3)和保持岩浆处于熔融状态所需的体积流量(0.6到3.5m〜3 s〜(-1))。建立了双向岩浆流动模型,包括导管直径的特征和漏斗状熔岩湖的几何形状,以限制岩浆室内侵入/安置的岩浆和在尼拉贡戈山的火山中心与火山之间延伸的裂谷相关结构的数量。自Nyiragongo山最后一次喷发以来(2002年1月17日),刚果民主共和国戈马市。该模型的数值解除了对1977年至2002年期间熔岩湖水位的现场数据进行匹配外,还表明,到2002年1月喷发20年后的2022年,该模型的数值在300至1700×10〜6m〜3(0.3至1.7 km〜 3)岩浆可能侵入或安置在建筑物下方,熔岩湖的体积可能超过15×10〜6m〜3。

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