Fast in situ stratospheric hygrometers: A new family of balloon-borne and airborne Lyman #alpha# photofragment fluorescence hygrometers

摘要

A new set of hygrometers based on the Lyman #alpha# photofragment fluorescence technique has been developed for operation on aircraft and balloons in the stratosphere and upper troposphere. They combine technical details from existing fluorescence hygrometers with several improvements in order to achieve the highest data quality and to minimize maintenance and operational procedures. With these instruments, stratospheric H_2O measurements can be accomplished with a precision of < 0.2 ppmv at 1 s integration time, as has been demonstrated both in the laboratory and under field deployment. The design enables a rapid exchange of the air sample of the order of 1 s for fast measurements of small-scale variations of the H_2O mixing ratio in the atmosphere. The hygrometer is calibrated using a laboratory calibration bench with approximately 4% accuracy. Measurements made by the hygrometer are compared with a frost point hygrometer during an aircraft mission at H_2O mixing ratios from 280 to 8 ppmy, yielding an agreement between both techniques within the instrumental errors.