Random Walk Model of the Mechanical Relaxation

摘要

A probabilistic approach to the irreversible stochastic transition that a system undergoes as a whole due to the transitions of individuals (atoms, molecules, etc.) is presented. The objective of this paper is to join the empirical knowledge on evolution in course of time of physical systems driven by external forces (fields) to a nonequilibrium excited state. Using the mathematical tool of the problem - the probability of transition from an initial state for an object - we introduce a probabilistic scheme which relates the local random characteristics of a macroscopic system to the universal laws observed in nature. We put the problem into the defect-diffusion framework by associating the transition of an individual with the random-walk mechanism.