Phase-Contrast Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Intracranial Shunt Tube: A Valuable Adjunct in the Diagnosis of Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt Malfunction

摘要

Malfunctioning of ventriculoperitoneal shunts is arguably the most common reason for patients to seek medical attention in a pediatric neurosurgical facility. Clinical symptomatology and computed tomography (CT) scans of head remain the mainstay of diagnosisz Invasive shunt tap for diagnosis of malfunction, along with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis, is often used as an extension of the management protocol for suspected shunt malfunction. However, shunt malfunctions may result in raised intracranial tension without ventricular dilatation. Conversely, it is not uncommon to find a normal-functioning shunt at the time of revision surgery. It is well documented that shunt revision is a significant detrimental factor for future shunt survival and related complications. Unnecessary shunt revisions also result in increased financial burden on society, besides leading to increased morbidity and psychosocial trauma to patients and parents.