The ecton model of the cathode spot is used to analyze the main parameters of ion flow in vacuum arcs (ion erosion, mean charge, and velocity). It is shown that the arc plasma is formed as a result of microexplosions at the cathode surface, induced by the Joule heating by the high-density current of explosive electron emission. Ionization processes are localized in a narrow region of the order of a micrometer near the cathode and the ionization composition of the plasma subsequently remains unchanged. Under the action of the electron pressure gradient, ions acquire directional velocities of the order of 10~6 cm/s even over small distances of the order of several micrometers.
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机译：阴极点的ecton模型用于分析真空电弧中离子流的主要参数（离子腐蚀，平均电荷和速度）。示出了电弧等离子体是由于在阴极表面的微爆炸而形成的，该微爆炸是由爆炸电子发射的高密度电流通过焦耳加热引起的。电离过程位于阴极附近的一个微米级的狭窄区域中，随后等离子体的电离成分保持不变。在电子压力梯度的作用下，即使在几微米量级的小距离上，离子也能获得10〜6 cm / s量级的方向速度。
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