Optical Diagnostics for Upper Urinary Tract Urothelial Cancer: Technology, Thresholds, and Clinical Applications

摘要

Purpose: Developments in optical diagnostics have potential for less invasive diagnosis of upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma (UUT-UC). This systematic review provides an overview of technology, applications, and limitations of recently developed optical diagnostics in the upper urinary tract and outlines their potential for future clinical applications. In addition, current evidence was evaluated.