Association of urinary albumin and serum high molecular weight-adiponectin with metabolic syndrome in patients with essential hypertension.

摘要

The metabolic syndrome (MS) is a common metabolic disorder characterized with central obesity, diabetes, impaired glucose tolerance, hypertension, and dyslipidemia (1). MS is the risk factor for the development of diabetes and cardiovascular disease (1). Essential hypertension is the most common type of hypertension and it increases the risk for cardiovascular events, particularly for kidney damage (2). Urinary albumin is the most sensitive and early indicator and predictor for kidney damage in hypertension (3). Increased urinary albumin is a risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease in patients with type 2 diabetes (4, 5). Moreover, increased urinary albumin can help identify a high-risk subset of non-diabetic patients with the MS and can also predict the cardiovascular disease outcome in patients with MS (6). Urinary albumin to creatinine ratio (ACR) is most commonly used in clinical and laboratory settings to reflect urinary albumin concentrations.