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Self-Enhancement and Self-Protection Strategies in China: Cultural Expressions of a Fundamental Human Motive

机译:中国的自我增强和自我保护策略:基本人类动机的文化表达

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The motive to enhance and protect positive views of the self manifests in a variety of cognitive and behavioral strategies, but its universality versus cultural specificity is debated by scholars. We sought to inform this debate by soliciting self-reports of the four principal types of self-enhancement and self-protection strategy (positivity embracement, favorable construals, self-affirming reflections, defensiveness) from a Chinese sample and comparing their structure, levels, and correlates to a Western sample. The Chinese data fit the same factor structure and were subject to the same individual differences in regulatory focus, self-esteem, and narcissism, as the Western data. Chinese participants reported lower levels of (enhancement-oriented) positivity embracement but higher levels of (protection-oriented) defensiveness than Western participants. Levels of favorable construals were also higher in the Chinese sample, with no differences in self-affirming reflections. These findings support and extend the universalist perspective on the self by demonstrating the cross-cultural structure, yet culturally sensitive manifestation, of self-enhancement motivation.
机译:增强和保护自我的正面观点的动机体现在各种认知和行为策略中,但是学者们普遍争论着其普遍性与文化特殊性之间的关系。我们试图通过对来自中国样本的四种主要类型的自我增强和自我保护策略(积极拥抱,有利的建设,自我肯定的反思,防御性)进行自我报告,并比较它们的结构,水平,并与西方样本相关与西方数据相比,中国数据符合相同的要素结构,并且在监管重点,自尊和自恋方面受到相同的个体差异。与西方参与者相比,中国参与者报告的(增强型)积极性拥抱程度较低,但(保护主义)防御性级别较高。在中国人的样本中,有利的解释的水平也较高,自我肯定的反映没有差异。这些发现通过展示自我增强动机的跨文化结构以及对文化敏感的表现,支持并扩展了普遍主义对自我的看法。

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