首页> 外文期刊>Journal of child psychology and psychiatry >Annual research review: Harms experienced by child users of online and mobile technologies: The nature, prevalence and management of sexual and aggressive risks in the digital age
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Annual research review: Harms experienced by child users of online and mobile technologies: The nature, prevalence and management of sexual and aggressive risks in the digital age

机译:年度研究回顾:在线和移动技术的儿童用户所经历的危害:数字时代性和攻击性风险的性质,普遍性和管理

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Aims and scope The usage of mobile phones and the internet by young people has increased rapidly in the past decade, approaching saturation by middle childhood in developed countries. Besides many benefits, online content, contact or conduct can be associated with risk of harm; most research has examined whether aggressive or sexual harms result from this. We examine the nature and prevalence of such risks, and evaluate the evidence regarding the factors that increase or protect against harm resulting from such risks, so as to inform the academic and practitioner knowledge base. We also identify the conceptual and methodological challenges encountered in this relatively new body of research, and highlight the pressing research gaps. Methods Given the pace of change in the market for communication technologies, we review research published since 2008. Following a thorough bibliographic search of literature from the key disciplines (psychology, sociology, education, media studies and computing sciences), the review concentrates on recent, high quality empirical studies, contextualizing these within an overview of the field. Findings Risks of cyberbullying, contact with strangers, sexual messaging ('sexting') and pornography generally affect fewer than one in five adolescents. Prevalence estimates vary according to definition and measurement, but do not appear to be rising substantially with increasing access to mobile and online technologies, possibly because these technologies pose no additional risk to offline behaviour, or because any risks are offset by a commensurate growth in safety awareness and initiatives. While not all online risks result in self-reported harm, a range of adverse emotional and psychosocial consequences is revealed by longitudinal studies. Useful for identifying which children are more vulnerable than others, evidence reveals several risk factors: personality factors (sensation-seeking, low self-esteem, psychological difficulties), social factors (lack of parental support, peer norms) and digital factors (online practices, digital skills, specific online sites). Conclusions Mobile and online risks are increasingly intertwined with pre-existing (offline) risks in children's lives. Research gaps, as well as implications for practitioners, are identified. The challenge is now to examine the relations among different risks, and to build on the risk and protective factors identified to design effective interventions.
机译:目标和范围在过去的十年中,年轻人对手机和互联网的使用迅速增长,在发达国家的童年时代已接近饱和。除了许多好处之外,在线内容,联系或行为还可能带来损害的风险;大多数研究已经检查了由此产生的侵害性伤害或性伤害。我们检查了此类风险的性质和普遍性,并评估了有关增加或防止此类风险造成损害的因素的证据,从而为学术和从业人员提供了知识库。我们还将确定在这一相对较新的研究机构中遇到的概念和方法上的挑战,并强调紧迫的研究空白。方法鉴于通信技术市场的变化步伐,我们回顾了自2008年以来发表的研究。在对主要学科(心理学,社会学,教育学,媒体研究和计算机科学)的文献进行了详尽的书目搜索之后,本综述着重于近期,高质量的实证研究,并在该领域的概述中对这些内容进行了情境化。调查结果网络欺凌,与陌生人接触,性消息传递(“传播”)和色情制品的风险通常影响不到五分之一的青少年。患病率的估计值会根据定义和衡量标准而有所不同,但似乎随着访问移动和在线技术的增加而并未显着增加,这可能是因为这些技术对离线行为没有额外的风险,或者由于安全性的相应增长而抵消了任何风险意识和倡议。虽然并非所有的在线风险都会导致自我报告的伤害,但纵向研究揭示了一系列不良的情绪和社会心理后果。证据揭示了几个风险因素:有助于识别哪些孩子比其他孩子更容易受到伤害:人格因素(寻求感觉,自卑,心理困难),社会因素(缺乏父母的支持,同伴规范)和数字因素(在线习惯) ,数字技能,特定的在线网站)。结论移动和在线风险与儿童生活中已存在的(离线)风险越来越交织在一起。确定了研究差距以及对从业者的影响。现在的挑战是检查不同风险之间的关系,并在确定有效干预措施的风险和保护因素的基础上进一步发展。

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