Prognostic and predictive miRNA biomarkers in bladder, kidney and prostate cancer: Where do we stand in biomarker development?

摘要

Defining reliable biomarkers is still a challenge in patients with urological tumors. Because miRNAs regulate diverse important cellular processes, these noncoding RNAs are putative molecular candidates. This review intends to give a critical overview about the current state of miRNAs as biomarkers in urological cancers with respect to prognostic stratification as well as for individual treatment selection.