Cardiac disease evaluation and management among kidney and liver transplantation candidates: A scientific statement from the american heart association and the American college of cardiology foundation

摘要

The challenges inherent in conducting accurate, clinically effective, and cost-effective cardiac evaluations among transplantation candidates relate to the large size of the target population, the prevalence of disease, the limited number of donated organs, and the often extended waiting periods between initial evaluation and transplantation surgery. According to Organ Procurement and Transplant Network (OPTN) records, nearly 85 000 candidates were on the waiting list for kidney transplantation in 2010, and approx= 17 700 kidney transplantations (including 828 kidney-pancreas transplantations) were performed.1 Also in 2010, 16 000 people were awaiting liver transplantation and 6000 received liver allografts. Marked shifts in the age composition of transplant waitlists toward older adults are also raising the average medical complexity and comorbidity burden among listed candidates. In 2011, 62% of kidney transplantation candidates were >=50 years of age compared with 28.7% of kidney transplantation candidates in 1991. A similar shift in age distribution has occurred among liver transplantation candidates; now, 77% are >=50 years of age.