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Iberomaurusian funerary customs: new evidence from unpublished records of the 1950s excavations of the Taforalt necropolis (Morocco)

机译:伊比利亚马鲁斯人的丧葬习俗:1950年代塔福拉特墓地(摩洛哥)的未公开记录的新证据

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The Iberomaurusian necropolis of Taforalt (Morocco) was excavated by Jean Roche in the 1950s and contains 28 multiple graves. The presence of particular sepulchral structures, mouflon horns and the use of ochre testify to complex funerary practices. Given the absence of detailed excavation records, the mortuary behavior was investigated in previous works analyzing the human skeletal collection (the contents of each grave reconstructed through the ID number on bones; the distribution of intentionally modified specimens: ochre-dyeing, cut marks). The results suggested that the burial area included primary and secondary depositions of about 40 adolescents and adults. Treatment of the cadaver and manipulation of dry bones were attested, and intentional violence and cannibalism could be hypothesized. Recently, Jean Roche kindly made available some unpublished field photographs and plots regarding the 1950s excavations of the necropolis. In this work we analyze these 'new' documents in order to test the validity of the hypotheses previously advanced, especially regarding the presence of contextual primary and secondary depositions, the division of the bones of the same individual in different graves, each containing the bones of several persons, and the deliberate intervention in previous burial sites.We also describe some additional aspects of the funerary customs of the Taforalt population (e.g. bovid horns and stones associated to the graves). This study supports our previous conclusions and reveals a complex of funerary rituals with the structure of the rites of passage, which probably reflect specific conceptions of life and death, enabling the establishment of group identity. These rituals had probably evolved during the time period in which the necropolis was used.
机译:1950年代,让·罗氏(Jean Roche)开掘了塔弗拉特(摩洛哥)的伊比利亚马鲁斯墓地,里面有28个多重坟墓。特殊的坟墓结构,穆夫龙角和of石的使用证明了复杂的葬礼习俗。由于没有详细的挖掘记录,在先前的工作中分析了人类骨骼收集物(通过骨骼上的ID号重建的每个坟墓的内容;故意修改的标本的分布:石染色,切痕),研究了葬行为。结果表明,埋葬区包括约40名青少年和成人的主要和次要沉积物。证明了尸体的治疗和干骨的操纵,并且可以假设有故意的暴力和食人行为。最近,让·罗氏(Jean Roche)友善地提供了一些关于1950年代大墓地发掘的未公开实地照片和情节。在这项工作中,我们分析了这些“新”文档,以检验先前提出的假设的有效性,尤其是关于上下文主要和次要沉积物的存在,同一个人的骨骼在不同坟墓中的划分,每个坟墓都包含骨骼我们还描述了塔福尔塔特人口丧葬习俗的一些其他方面(例如与坟墓相关的牛角和石头)。这项研究支持了我们先前的结论,并揭示了具有通过仪式结构的复杂的丧葬仪式,这些仪式可能反映了生死的特定概念,从而可以建立团体身份。这些仪式可能在使用大墓地的时期演变而成。

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