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Obsidian types from Holocene sites around Lake Turkana, and other localities in northern Kenya

机译:来自图尔卡纳湖附近以及肯尼亚北部其他地方的全新世黑曜石类型

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Obsidian has been widely used by early Holocene hunter-gatherers and succeeding Pastoral Neolithic peoples in northern Kenya. Here we report the results of over 2000 electron microprobe analyses of artifactual and non-artifactual obsidian from the greater Lake Turkana region. Of the 15 compositional types of obsidian observed, a preponderant type is widespread across the region from the Barrier in the south to Ileret in the north and east as far as Kargi. This obsidian is the principal type at Lowasera and most Pastoral Neolithic sites, including the Jarigole Pillar site and Dongodien (GaJi4). The source of this obsidian is not known, but based on its distribution the source may be located on the Barrier or in the Suguta Valley immediately to the south of Lake Turkana. Although there are several possible sources of local obsidian identified for minor types, in stark contrast to the central part of the Kenyan Rift, major sources of obsidian available for artifact manufacture are not known in the Lake Turkana region. The lack of obsidian from demonstrable Ethiopian Rift and central Kenyan Rift sources, and the absence of obsidian with compositions found at the Turkana area sites in assemblages in the central part of the Kenyan Rift suggests that the earlier Pastoral Neolithic peoples around Lake Turkana interacted with each other, but perhaps not as strongly with people farther south along the Rift Valley, even as herding practices were expanding to the southward into central Kenya.
机译:黑曜石在肯尼亚北部被早期的全新世狩猎采集者和后继牧民广泛使用。在这里,我们报告了来自大图尔卡纳湖地区的人工和非人工黑曜石的2000多个电子微探针分析的结果。在观察到的15种黑曜石组成类型中,从南部的Barrier到北部和东部的Ileret直至Kargi,该地区分布广泛。这种黑曜石是Lowasera和大多数田园新石器时代遗址的主要类型,包括Jarigole Pillar遗址和Dongodien(GaJi4)。该黑曜石的来源未知,但根据其分布,其来源可能位于图尔卡纳湖以南的Barrier或Suguta山谷中。尽管发现了几种可能的次要黑曜石来源,但与肯尼亚大裂谷的中部形成鲜明对比的是,图尔卡纳湖地区尚不清楚可用于制造人工制品的黑曜石的主要来源。可证明的埃塞俄比亚裂谷和肯尼亚中部裂谷来源缺乏黑曜石,并且在肯尼亚裂谷中部的集合中的图尔卡纳地区遗址没有发现具有成分的黑曜石,这表明图尔卡纳湖附近的早期牧民新石器时代人民与之互动。其他的,但也许对裂谷更南端的人没有那么强烈,即使放牧活动向南扩展到肯尼亚中部。

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